邓玮.环境数据赋能流域生态治理的范式转型与制度建构[J].中国环境管理,2026,18(3):170-180.
DENG Wei.Paradigm Shift and Institutional Construction for Watershed Ecological Governance Empowered by Environmental Data[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2026,18(3):170-180. |
| 环境数据赋能流域生态治理的范式转型与制度建构 |
| Paradigm Shift and Institutional Construction for Watershed Ecological Governance Empowered by Environmental Data |
| DOI：10.16868/j.cnki.1674-6252.2026.03.170 |
| 中文关键词: 生态环境治理 流域治理 数字法治 环境数据 协同治理 |
| 英文关键词:Ecological Environment Governance Watershed Governance Digital Rule of Law Environmental Data Synergistic Governance |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国共产党司法政策百年发展史研究”（21ZDA120）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 流域生态治理的现代化转型，亟须从传统的经验主义治理迈向数字法治视域下的“智慧治理”新范式。作为这一范式转型的基础性支撑，环境数据赋能通过对全流域生态要素的精准感知与深度关联，重塑了流域生态治理样态。在当前的治理实践中，环境数据赋能面临着体制、法律与技术的三重壁垒，行政区划分割与部门职能碎片化引致“数据孤岛”效应，数字法治供给滞后导致数据权属模糊与安全边界失衡，技术标准差异化阻滞了数据的深度融合与应用。为实现范式转型，应基于《中华人民共和国长江保护法》等流域法律规范确立的系统治理框架，以整体性治理、风险预防及协同治理理论为理论指引，构建“实体—程序—保障”三位一体的制度建构路径。在实体层面，通过立法厘清数据权属义务并确立强制性技术标准；在程序层面，依托法律强制力构建跨区域协同平台与规范化的授权运营机制；在保障层面，统筹完善数据安全分级、公众参与及多元争端解决机制。通过系统性的制度建构，释放环境数据要素价值，为流域生态治理的数字化转型提供坚实的数字法治支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The modernization of watershed ecological governance urgently requires a transition from traditional empiricism-based governance toward a new paradigm of “smart governance” within the framework of digital rule of law. As the foundational support for this paradigm shift, environmental data empowerment reshapes the landscape of watershed ecological governance through precise perception and deep integration of ecological elements across entire river basins. In current governance practice, environmental data empowerment confronts triple barriers encompassing institutional, legal, and technological dimensions: the fragmentation of administrative divisions and departmental functions gives rise to a “data island” effect; the lagging supply of digital rule of law results in ambiguous data ownership and imbalanced security boundaries; and the divergence of technical standards impedes the deep integration and application of data. To achieve this paradigm shift, a “substance-procedure-safeguard” trinity institutional framework should be constructed on the basis of the systematic governance structure established by watershed legislation such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, guided by theories of holistic governance, risk precaution, and collaborative governance. At the substantive level, legislation should clarify data ownership obligations and establish mandatory technical standards. At the procedural level, cross-regional collaborative platforms and standardized authorized operation mechanisms should be built through the coercive force of law. At the safeguard level, mechanisms for data security classification, public participation, and diversified dispute resolution should be comprehensively improved. Through systematic institutional construction, the value of environmental data as a factor of production can be fully unleashed, providing solid digital rule of law support for the digital transformation of watershed ecological governance. |
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