李冰强,盖伟宁.碳排放配额二元法律属性的重释与规范构建[J].中国环境管理,2026,18(3):160-169.
LI Bingqiang,GAI Weining.Reinterpretation and Normative Construction of the Binary Legal Nature of Carbon Emission Allowances[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2026,18(3):160-169. |
| 碳排放配额二元法律属性的重释与规范构建 |
| Reinterpretation and Normative Construction of the Binary Legal Nature of Carbon Emission Allowances |
| DOI：10.16868/j.cnki.1674-6252.2026.03.160 |
| 中文关键词: 碳排放配额 碳排放权 义务载体 行政许可 |
| 英文关键词:carbon emission allowances carbon emission rights obligation carrier administrative license |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目“战略性矿产资源安全保障法律体系构建研究”（25AFX024）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 碳排放配额在现有研究中一直以“碳排放权”的权利客体或权利凭证等面貌被认识，但“碳排放权”概念与碳交易制度并不适配，将其置于此制度中存在诸多理论缺陷。配额才是碳市场运行的真实支点，是环境保护义务分配后所形成的义务量化载体，又经制度设计成为可交易的财产。由此，碳排放配额兼具公私法属性，类似于原《矿产资源法》①中的“一证载两权”模式，配额同时承载着行政许可与私有财产的内容，但其财产权能也因“一体两面”的特性而具有有限性。未来碳市场将容纳更广泛的主体，为在确保实现减排目标的同时，也能在公权力介入的制度体系下为市场主体财产权益提供可预期的保障，需借鉴新《矿产资源法》“权证分离”的改革经验，将配额所包含的行政和财产内容进行分离，将其所具有的行政许可凭证功能独立出来，并明确规定配额的财产属性以及相应的财产变动公示程序，使相应的制度规范围绕政府监管与主体权益保障的双重维度展开，推动涉碳交易向纵深推进。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Carbon emission allowances have been recognized as the right object or right certificate of “carbon emission rights” in existing research, but the concept of “carbon emission rights” is not compatible with the carbon trading system, and its application within this framework entails numerous theoretical defects. In fact, allowances are the real fulcrum of carbon market operations, the quantitative carrier of obligations formed after the allocation of environmental protection obligations, and become tradable property after system design. Consequently, carbon emission allowances possess both public and private law attributes. Similar to the “one certificate carrying two rights” model under the old Mineral Resources Law, allowances simultaneously embody the contents of administrative licenses and private property, but its property rights are also limited due to the characteristics of “two sides of the same coin”. As the future carbon market accommodates a wider range of entities, it is necessary to ensure that emission reduction targets are achieved while providing predictable protection for participants’ property rights within a system subject to public power intervention. Drawing on the reform experience of “separation of warrants and certificates” in the new Mineral Resources Law, the administrative and property components of allowances should be separated. The function of allowances as a certificate of administrative license should be independently established, while their property attributes and corresponding public notification procedures for property changes should be clearly defined, so that the corresponding institutional norms can focus on the dual dimensions of government supervision and the protection of the rights and interests of the subject, and promote carbonrelated transactions to be promoted in depth. |
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