谢向向,李翀,杨沛,等.基于水足迹的长江流域市场化生态保护补偿机制研究[J].中国环境管理,2026,18(3):103-112.
XIE Xiangxiang,LI Chong,YANG Pei,et al.Research on the Market-Oriented Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Water Footprint[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Management,2026,18(3):103-112. |
| 基于水足迹的长江流域市场化生态保护补偿机制研究 |
| Research on the Market-Oriented Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Water Footprint |
| DOI：10.16868/j.cnki.1674-6252.2026.03.103 |
| 中文关键词: 水足迹 市场化生态保护补偿 生态系统服务价值法 替代成本法 水足迹补偿基金 长江流域 |
| 英文关键词:water footprint market-oriented ecological protection compensation ecosystem service value method alternative cost method water footprint compensation fund Yangtze River Basin |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目“绿色小流域构建技术系统与应用示范”（2022YFC3203500）；中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目“长江中小型绿色流域构建模式技术研究与应用示范”（NBWL202200489）。 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 谢向向 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | | | 李翀 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | li_chong1@ctg.com.cn | | 杨沛 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | | | 曹燕 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | | | 李玮 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | | | 孙凯丽 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014
长江经济带生态环境国家工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430014 | | | 黄趾东 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 湖北武汉 430014 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为破解长江流域生态保护补偿长期依赖财政投入、可持续性不足的难题，本文构建了基于企业水足迹的市场化生态保护补偿机制。研究以长江流域五大高耗水、高污染行业的80家上市企业为样本，运用水足迹理论量化其水资源消耗与污染负荷，综合采用生态系统服务价值法（设定补偿额度上限）和替代成本法（设定补偿额度下限）科学测算生态保护补偿额度区间，并结合企业支付能力进行约束调整。研究结果表明：①样本企业年水足迹总量达11.93亿m3，行业差异显著，钢铁行业年水足迹量最高，以蓝水足迹为主，造纸、纺织等行业则以灰水足迹为主；②年生态保护补偿总额区间为41.09亿～ 106.64亿元，其间存在约65.55亿元的价值差距，反映出工程治理成本难以完全覆盖生态系统服务价值损失的问题；③对比根据支付能力进行调整前后的数据发现，钢铁行业仍承担最高补偿额，农副食品加工及制造业，以及酒、饮料和精制茶制造业财务承受能力较好，而部分造纸企业存在压力，凸显差异化补偿的必要性。研究进一步提出以水足迹补偿基金为核心，政府引导、企业付费、平台运营为运行模式的市场化生态保护补偿实施路径。研究可为长江流域构建企业主导、市场驱动的生态保护补偿机制提供理论支撑与可操作的实现路径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the long-standing challenges of excessive fiscal dependence and insufficient sustainability in ecological compensation within the Yangtze River Basin, this study proposes and develops a market-based ecological protection compensation mechanism rooted in corporate water footprints. Focusing on 80 listed companies from five water-intensive and high-polluting industries in the basin, the research employs water footprint theory to quantify their water resource consumption and pollution loads. By integrating the ecosystem service value method (setting the upper bound for compensation) and the alternative cost method (setting the lower bound), and further adjusting by corporate payment capacity constraints, a differentiated ecological compensation amount range is scientifically determined. The results indicate that: ① The total annual water footprint of sample companies reaches 1.193 billion m3, with notable variation across sectors: the steel industry’s footprint is highest dominated by blue water footprint, whereas other industries like paper and textiles are primarily characterized by grey water footprint. ② The total estimated compensation amount ranges from 4.109 billion to 10.664 billion yuan. The value gap of approximately 6.555 billion yuan reveals that engineering remediation costs cannot fully cover the loss of ecosystem service values. ③ Comparing the data before and after adjusting for payment ability, it is found that the steel industry remains responsible for the highest compensation, agricultural and sideline food processing, as well as the beverage and refined tea manufacturing industries demonstrate relatively better financial resilience, while some paper manufacturers face financial constraints, underscoring the necessity for differentiated compensation policies. Consequently, the study proposes a “Water Footprint Compensation Fund” as a core market instrument, operating under a model of “government guidance, corporate contribution, and platform management”. This study provides a theoretical and practical foundation for promoting a corporate-led, market-driven ecological protection compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin. |
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